膝骨关节炎中医药系统生物学研究述评＊

膝骨关节炎（Knee Osteoarthritis， KOA）属于临床难治性疾病，其高发病率、高致残性给国民健康、社会发展造成了沉重的负担。在这种不利局面下，中医药在KOA的临床防治上发挥了巨大的作用，其根据“辨证施治”理念的指导对患者采用个体化治疗往往能够取得良好的临床疗效 。然而中医学在传统认知上作为经验医学的集成，现有的KOA中医药基础研究结果尚未完全阐明其客观化、现代化的属性，阻碍了中医药防治KOA科学内涵的揭示以及全面、系统的临床研究的开展和新药研发，如何开展完善、合理、可行的基础研究以进行KOA中医药客观化和现代化探索成为研究者不得不解决的重大难题。随着系统生物学知识结构和研究手段的完善与更新，其与中医药的结合已经成为阐释并创新中医药理论内核、突破中医药研究瓶颈的重要方法。本文通过总结、分析目前KOA中医药基础研究的现状与不足，突出系统生物学在目前KOA中医药研究中的关键作用及应用趋势，以期为今后KOA的中医药研究和发展提供新的思路与对策。     

中医药调控益生菌防治肺炎的研究进展＊

肺炎是呼吸系统疾病中的常见疾病，发病率高，可伴有多种并发症，严重时可危及生命健康。肺炎患者多伴有肠道菌群失调，表现为有益菌减少，且益生菌可通过“肠-肺轴”影响肺部免疫参与肺炎的发生发展。中医以“肺”与“大肠”两者之间的生理及病理关系为基础，通过整体观念和辨证论治发挥了治疗肺炎的独特的优势。近年来，许多研究表明中医药在治疗肺炎的过程中具有改善肠道微生态作用，但肺炎的中医辨证分型与肠道菌群的相关性尚不明确。本文从中医辨证分型论治肺炎的角度出发，总结不同辨证分型的肺炎与肠道菌群结构特征，阐述中医治疗肺炎过程中对于益生菌的调节作用和“证型—中药—益生菌”的对应关系。通过讨论益生菌在防治肺炎中的关键作用，展望中医辩证联合益生菌治疗肺炎的应用前景，以期为肺炎的防治提供新思路和新靶点，也为将来指导不同肺炎证型患者选择适合的中药及益生菌提供理论依据。     

基于临床观察文本解析痛经辨治规律研究

目的:研究痛经的中医药辨治规律。方法:检索国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)1988—2019年应用中药治疗痛经的相关文献,采用Medcase Ver38诊籍中医师工作室-名老中医经验传承辅助平台,运用文本解析对临床医案进行研究。结果:研究文献131篇,医案104则,涉及病例128次,332诊次,涉及症状92条,病机33条,舌象27条,脉象17条,药物249种。结论:中医药治疗痛经的特异症状为“经行腹痛”,可见症为“夹血块、月经色暗、手足冰冷、经期腰酸”,相关舌脉为“舌质暗红,苔薄白”“脉沉细弦”,核心病机为“瘀血阻滞”,常用治法为“行气化瘀,活血止痛”,常用药物为“当归、白芍、甘草、延胡索、川芎”。     

From the "what" to the "how": Teaching integrative medicine-related skills to medical students during COVID-19

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of an integrative medicine (IM) course on self-perceived IM-related communication and research skills.MethodsA 3-day mandatory "hybrid" (online and in-person) IM course was held within COVID-19 restrictions for 161 pre-clerkship medical students, with workshops facilitated by mentor healthcare professionals (IM and non-IM) and student-directed tasks. Self-perceived levels of 6 IM-related skills were scored (from 1 to 5) for history-taking; communicating with patients with "alternative" health-beliefs; referral to IM consultations; assessing risks/benefits; and working with non-medical IM practitioners.Results137 students (85.1%) completed pre-/post-course questionnaires, with overall scores improving from pre-course (1.98 ± 0.92) to post-course (3.31 ± 0.63; p < 0.0001), for the entire group and student subgroups (with vs. without prior IM experience). Multivariate analysis found no association between age, gender, primary language or prior experience with IM and improvement in skill scores.ConclusionsThe IM course increased self-perceived skill levels, reflecting the course curriculum and workshops. Further research needs to explore the application of these skills during clinical training.Practice implicationsTeaching medical students about IM in a course comprising communication and research skills was shown to be feasible and effective. The application of IM-related skills needs to be evaluated during the clinical clerkship.